Define:
(a) Relative lowering of V.P.
(b) Elevation in B.P. and depression in freezing point.
(c) osmotic pressure, Reverse of osmosis and Abnormal molecular mass.
Answers
a) (p₁-p°₁)/p₁=i*(x₂/x₁)
where p₁- Partial pressure of solvent
p°₁-Pressure of pure solvent
x₂-Mole fraction of solute
x₁- Mole fraction of solvent
b)ΔTₐ=ikₐ*m
where ΔTₐ-Depression in freezing point
kₐ-Cryoscopic constant
m-molality
ΔTₓ=ikₓ*m
where ΔTₐ-Elevation in boiling point
kₐ-Ebullioscopic constant
m-molality
c) Osmotic pressure is the pressure required to stop the solvent from flowing to the other side through the semi permeable membrane.
Reverse Osmosis is when pressure more than osmotic pressure so that solvent flows back. Used in RO purifiers.
π=iCRT
π- Osmotic pressure
C- Molarity
R-Gas constant
T- Temperature (in Kelvin)
In all the equations i has been mentioned which is the ratio of Observed colligative property to the calculated colligative property called Vant Hoff factor. Abnormal molar mass is when molecular mass is found out to be more or less than the calculated one.