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Acids and bases are popular chemicals which interact with each other resulting in the formation of salt and water. The word acid comes from a Latin word ‘acere’ which means ‘sour’.
What are Acids and Bases?
An acid is any hydrogen-containing substance that is capable of donating a proton (hydrogen ion) to another substance. A base is a molecule or ion able to accept a hydrogen ion from an acid.
Acidic substances are usually identified by their sour taste. An acid is basically a molecule which can donate an H+ ion and can remain energetically favourable after a loss of H+. Acids are known to turn blue litmus red.
Bases, on the other hand, are characterized by a bitter taste and a slippery texture. A base that can be dissolved in water is referred to as an alkali. When these substances chemically react with acids, they yield salts. Bases are known to turn red litmus blue.
In our everyday lives, we use many compounds which scientists call acids. The orange or grapefruit juice you drink for breakfast contains citric acid (also known as Vitamin C). When milk turns sour, it contains lactic acid. The vinegar used in salad dressing contains acetic acid. According to this a chemical bond is considered as being made up of an acid-base combination. The properties of a molecule, therefore, can be understood by dividing it into acid and base fragments.
What are Acids and Bases in Chemistry?
The chemistry of acids and bases and buffers is an important area. For example, the relative strengths of acids influences the formation of nitronium ions in the nitration of benzene and the understanding of pH and buffers is essential in biology.
What are Acids and Bases?
An acid is any hydrogen-containing substance that is capable of donating a proton (hydrogen ion) to another substance. A base is a molecule or ion able to accept a hydrogen ion from an acid.
Bases, on the other hand, are characterized by a bitter taste and a slippery texture. A base that can be dissolved in water is referred to as an alkali. When these substances chemically react with acids, they yield salts. Bases are known to turn red litmus blue.
Definition of Acid
The term acid and base have been defined in different ways depending on the particular way of looking at the properties of acidity and basicity. Arrhenius first defined acids as compounds which ionize to produce hydrogen ions, and bases as compounds which ionize to produce hydroxide ions. According to the Lowry-Bronsted definition, an acid is a proton donor and a base is a proton acceptor.
According to the Lewis definition, acids are molecules or ions capable of coordinating with unshared electron pairs, and bases are molecules or ions having unshared electron pairs available for sharing with acids. To be acidic in the Lewis sense, a molecule must be electron deficient. This is the most general acid base concept. All Lowery Bronstead acids are Lewis acids but, in addition, the Lewis definition includes many other reagents such as boron trifluoride, aluminium chloride etc.
Acid Definition
The term acid and base have been defined in different ways depending on the particular way of looking at the properties of acidity and basicity. Arrhenius first defined acids as compounds which ionize to produce hydrogen ions, and bases as compounds which ionize to produce hydroxide ions. According to the Lowry-Bronsted definition, an acid is a proton donor and a base is a proton acceptor.
Properties of Acids and Bases
1. Properties of Acids
Acids are corrosive in nature.
They are good conductors of electricity.
Their pH values are always less than 7.
When reacted with metals, these substances produce hydrogen gas.
Acids are sour-tasting substances.
Examples: Sulfuric acid [H2SO4], Hydrochloric acid [HCl], Acetic acid [CH3COOH].
2. Properties of Bases
They are found to have a soapy texture when touched.
These substances release hydroxide ions (OH– ions) when dissolved in water.
In their aqueous solutions, bases act as good conductors of electricity.
The pH values corresponding to bases are always greater than 7.
Bases are bitter-tasting substances which have the ability to turn red litmus paper blue.
Examples: Sodium hydroxide [NaOH], milk of magnesia [Mg(OH)2], calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2].
3. Neutral Substances
These substances do not display any acidic or basic characteristics.
Their pH values approximate to 7.
Neutral substances have no effect on red or blue litmus paper.
The pH of pure water is exactly 7.
Examples: Water, Common salt (NaCl)
Difference between Acids and Bases
Acids Bases
Acid gives off hydrogen ions when dissolved in water. Bases give off hydroxyl ion when dissolved in water.
It turns blue colour litmus paper into red. It turns red colour litmus paper into blue.
It has a sour taste. It has bitter taste and soapy to touch.
Acid:-
A substance with particular chemical properties including turning litmus red, neutralizing alkalis, and dissolving some metals; typically, a corrosive or sour-tasting liquid of this kind is called Acid.
Base:-
Aqueous solution that dissociate into ions and conduct electricity is called Base.