define acid and base levis theory
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Lewis acids and bases are described by the Lewis theory of acid-base reactions as electron-pair acceptors and electron pair donors respectively. Therefore, a Lewis base can donate a pair of electrons to a Lewis acid to form a product containing a coordinate covalent bond. This product is also referred to as a Lewis adduct. An illustration detailing the reaction between a Lewis acid and base leading to the formation of a coordinate covalent bond Between acid and base
Lewis Acids and Bases
Lewis acids and bases are named after the American chemist Gilbert Newton Lewis, who also made invaluable contributions in the fields of thermodynamics and photochemistry.
Lewis Acid
Lewis Acids are the chemical species which have empty orbitals and are able to accept electron pairs from Lewis bases. This term was classically used to describe chemical species with a trigonal planar structure and an empty p-orbital. An example of such a Lewis acid would be BR3 (where R can be a halide or an organic substituent).
Water and some other compounds are considered as both Lewis acids and bases since they can accept and donate electron pairs based on the reaction.
Lewis Base
Atomic or molecular chemical species having a highly localized HOMO (The Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital) act as Lewis bases. These chemical species have the ability to donate an electron pair to a given Lewis acid in order to form an adduct, as discussed earlier.
The most common Lewis bases are ammonia, alkyl amines, and other conventional amines. Commonly, Lewis bases are anionic in nature and their base strength generally depends on the pKa of the corresponding parent acid. Since Lewis bases are electron-rich species that have the ability to donate electron-pairs, they can be classified as nucleophiles. Similarly, Lewis acids can be classified as electrophiles (since they behave as electron-pair acceptors).
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In other words, a Lewis acid is an electron-pair acceptor. A Lewis base is any substance, such as the OH- ion, that can donate a pair of nonbonding electrons. A Lewis base is therefore an electron-pair donor. ... In the Lewis theory, an acid is any ion or molecule that can accept a pair of nonbonding valence electrons.