define: addition reaction,sub: sittution reaction,allotropes,Esterification,saponification???
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Addition Reaction : Addition of a molecule in unsaturated compounds in the presence of a catalyst, to give saturated compound is called an addition reaction. e.g. Hydrogenation of vegetable oils to vegetable ghee.
Substitution Reaction : The reactions which involve the replacement of an atom or group of atoms from a molecule by another atom without any change in structure in the remaining part of the molecule. e.g. replacing one hydrogen atom by a chlorine atom in Methane to get Chloro methane.
Allotropes : The phenomenon by means of which an element can exist in two or more forms, with similar chemical properties but different physical properties is called allotropy and the different forms are called allotropes.
e.g. Carbon: Diamond , Graphite and Fullerenes.
Esterification The reaction in which a carboxylic acid is heated with an alcohol in presence of concentrated sulphuric acid to produce a sweet smelling substance called ester is called esterification reaction.
Saponification : The reaction in which a ester is heated with sodium hydroxide to obtain the parent alcohol or glycerol and salt of carboxylic acid