define additive inverse.
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mathematics, the additive inverse of a number a is the number that, when added to a, yields zero. This number is also known as the opposite(number),[1] sign change, and negation.[2] For a real number, it reverses its sign: the opposite to a positive number is negative, and the opposite to a negative number is positive. Zero is the additive inverse of itself.
The additive inverse of a is denoted by unary minus: −a (see the discussion below). For example, the additive inverse of 7 is −7, because 7 + (−7) = 0, and the additive inverse of −0.3 is 0.3, because −0.3 + 0.3 = 0 .
The additive inverse is defined as its inverse element under the binary operation of addition (see the discussion below), which allows a broad generalization to mathematical objects other than numbers. As for any inverse operation, double additive inverse has no net effect: −(−x) = x.

These complex numbers, two of eight values of 8√1, are mutually opposite
Common examplesEdit
For a number and, generally, in any ring, the additive inverse can be calculated using multiplication by −1; that is, −n = −1 × n . Examples of rings of numbers are integers, rational numbers, real numbers, and complex numbers.
Relation to subtractionEdit
Additive inverse is closely related to subtraction, which can be viewed as an addition of the opposite:
a − b = a + (−b).
Conversely, additive inverse can be thought of as subtraction from zero:
−a = 0 − a.
Hence, unary minus sign notation can be seen as a shorthand for subtraction with "0" symbol omitted, although in a correct typography there should be no space after unary "−".
Other propertiesEdit
In addition to the identities listed above, negation has the following algebraic properties:
− (- a) = a, it is an Involutive operation−(a + b) = (−a) + (−b)a − (−b) = a + b(−a) × b = a × (−b) = −(a × b)(−a) × (−b) = a × bnotably, (−a)2 = a2
Formal definitionEdit
The notation + is usually reserved for commutative binary operations; i.e., such that x + y = y + x, for all x, y. If such an operation admits an identity element o (such that x + o ( = o + x ) = x for all x), then this element is unique ( o′ = o′ + o = o ). For a given x , if there exists x′ such that x + x′ ( = x′ + x ) = o , then x′ is called an additive inverse of x.
If + is associative (( x + y ) + z = x + ( y + z ) for all x, y, z), then an additive inverse is unique. To see this, let x′ and x″ each be additive inverses of x; then
x′ = x′ + o = x′ + (x + x″) = (x′ + x) + x″ = o + x″ = x″.
For example, since addition of real numbers is associative, each real number has a unique additive inverse.
mathematics, the additive inverse of a number a is the number that, when added to a, yields zero. This number is also known as the opposite(number),[1] sign change, and negation.[2] For a real number, it reverses its sign: the opposite to a positive number is negative, and the opposite to a negative number is positive. Zero is the additive inverse of itself.
The additive inverse of a is denoted by unary minus: −a (see the discussion below). For example, the additive inverse of 7 is −7, because 7 + (−7) = 0, and the additive inverse of −0.3 is 0.3, because −0.3 + 0.3 = 0 .
The additive inverse is defined as its inverse element under the binary operation of addition (see the discussion below), which allows a broad generalization to mathematical objects other than numbers. As for any inverse operation, double additive inverse has no net effect: −(−x) = x.

These complex numbers, two of eight values of 8√1, are mutually opposite
Common examplesEdit
For a number and, generally, in any ring, the additive inverse can be calculated using multiplication by −1; that is, −n = −1 × n . Examples of rings of numbers are integers, rational numbers, real numbers, and complex numbers.
Relation to subtractionEdit
Additive inverse is closely related to subtraction, which can be viewed as an addition of the opposite:
a − b = a + (−b).
Conversely, additive inverse can be thought of as subtraction from zero:
−a = 0 − a.
Hence, unary minus sign notation can be seen as a shorthand for subtraction with "0" symbol omitted, although in a correct typography there should be no space after unary "−".
Other propertiesEdit
In addition to the identities listed above, negation has the following algebraic properties:
− (- a) = a, it is an Involutive operation−(a + b) = (−a) + (−b)a − (−b) = a + b(−a) × b = a × (−b) = −(a × b)(−a) × (−b) = a × bnotably, (−a)2 = a2
Formal definitionEdit
The notation + is usually reserved for commutative binary operations; i.e., such that x + y = y + x, for all x, y. If such an operation admits an identity element o (such that x + o ( = o + x ) = x for all x), then this element is unique ( o′ = o′ + o = o ). For a given x , if there exists x′ such that x + x′ ( = x′ + x ) = o , then x′ is called an additive inverse of x.
If + is associative (( x + y ) + z = x + ( y + z ) for all x, y, z), then an additive inverse is unique. To see this, let x′ and x″ each be additive inverses of x; then
x′ = x′ + o = x′ + (x + x″) = (x′ + x) + x″ = o + x″ = x″.
For example, since addition of real numbers is associative, each real number has a unique additive inverse.
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Negative of a rational number is called its additive inverse.
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