Question

define and explain universal law gravitation

Answer 1

Newton's law of universal gravitation states that A particle attracts every other particle in the universe with the force which is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centres.

In the given picture, m1 and m2 are the masses of the two bodies. the distance between them is r and F1 and F2 are the forces exerted by one on the other

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Answer 2

Universal Law of Gravitation ;

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The gravitational force of attraction between any two particles is directly proportional to the product of the masses of the particles and is inversely proportional to the square of distance between the particles. The direction of the force is along the line joining the two particles.

$F ∝ m_1m_2 \: \: .......(1)$

And,

$F ∝ \frac{1}{r {}^{2} } \: \: .......(2)$

Now , adding ( 1 ) and ( 2 ), we get ;

$F ∝ \frac{m_1m_2}{r {}^{2} }$

Or ,

$F = G \frac{m_1m_2}{r {}^{2} }$

Here, G is a constant known as the universal constant of Gravitation. The value of G was experimentally measured in the laboratory by Cavendish, long after Newton's death. This value is

G = 6.67 × 10 ^ - 11 Nm² / kg².

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