Question

define annular gap in physics

Answer 1

Pulsed high-energy radiation from pulsars is not yet completely understood. In this paper, we use the 3D self-consistent annular gap model to study light curves for both young and millisecond pulsars (MSPs) observed by the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. The annular gap can generate high-energy emission for short-period pulsars. The annular gap regions are so large that they have enough electric potential drop to accelerate charged particles to produce γ-ray photons. For young pulsars, the emission region is from the neutron star surface to about half of the light cylinder radius, and the peak emissivity is in the vicinity of the null charge surface. The emission region for the millisecond pulsars is located much lower than that of the young pulsars. The higher energy γ-ray emission comes from higher altitudes in the magnetosphere. We present the simulated light curves for three young pulsars (the Crab, the Vela and the Geminga) and three millisecond pulsars (PSR J0030+0451, PSR J0218+4232 and PSR J0437−3715) using the annular gap model. Our simulations can reproduce the main properties of the observed light curves.