Define antibiotic and vaccines and how they are differ in their mechanism ??
Answers
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Antibiotics are used to treat severe infection, whereas vaccines prevent infections from ever becoming established. And antibiotics are based on defenses that evolved in microbes, to protect them from bacteria; they are not a natural defense for us, and our bodies are not adapted to cope well with them.
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Antibiotics create selective pressure on a wide range of bacteria wherever they are used. Humans naturally host large numbers of bacteria. These are essential to our health and killing them off repeatedly risks many long-term health problems, including immune disorders, damage to the gut, and increased vulnerability to infections
whereas,Vaccines create selective pressure only on the specific infection they target. Due to herd immunity, even some people who cannot be vaccinated receive some protection from widespread use of vaccines (provided everybody else does the right thing). In addition, since vaccines prevent the target replicating at all in the host, they create no bottleneck. In fact, as hosts become more rare, the pathogen is under selection to lie low and avoid harming its host, because it may be a long time before it can spread to a new host. Also, the vaccine does no harm to normal human biota, and therefore does not significantly disrupt the gut, immune system or any other part of the body.
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