define atoms, and types of atom
Answers
Answer:
Components. Electrons and a compact nucleus of protons and neutrons. An atom is the smallest unit of ordinary matter that forms a chemical element. Every solid, liquid, gas, and plasma is composed of neutral or ionized atoms. Atoms are extremely small, typically around 100 picometers across.
Every atom is composed of a nucleus and one or more electrons bound to the nucleus. The nucleus is made of one or more protons and a number of neutrons. Only the most common variety of hydrogen has no neutrons. More than 99.94% of an atom's mass is in the nucleus. The protons have a positive electric charge, the electrons have a negative electric charge, and the neutrons have no electric charge. If the number of protons and electrons are equal, then the atom is electrically neutral. If an atom has more or fewer electrons than protons, then it has an overall negative or positive charge, respectively – such atoms are called ions.
The electrons of an atom are attracted to the protons in an atomic nucleus by the electromagnetic force. The protons and neutrons in the nucleus are attracted to each other by the nuclear force. This force is usually stronger than the electromagnetic force that repels the positively charged protons from one another. Under certain circumstances, the repelling electromagnetic force becomes stronger than the nuclear force. In this case, the nucleus splits and leaves behind different elements. This is a form of nuclear decay.
The number of protons in the nucleus is the atomic number and it defines to which chemical element the atom belongs. For example, any atom that contains 29 protons is copper. The number of neutrons defines the isotope of the element. Atoms can attach to one or more other atoms by chemical bonds to form chemical compounds such as molecules or crystals. The ability of atoms to associate and dissociate is responsible for most of the physical changes observed in nature. Chemistry is the discipline that studies these changes.
Answer:
Atoms are the basic units of matter and the defining structure of elements. ... We now know that atoms are made up of three particles: protons, neutrons and electrons — which are composed of even smaller particles, such as quarks.
Explanation:
Atom type Description Mass /amu
CA Aromatic carbon 12.01
CP Aromatic carbon (joining aromatic rings) 12.01
HA Aromatic hydrogen 1.008
CZ Carbon in cyano group 12.01
NZ Nitrogen in cyano group 14.01
Cn$^\ast $ Aliphatic carbon 12.01
HC Aliphatic hydrogen 1.008
F Fluorine 19.00