define capacitation in biology
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Capacitation is the penultimate step in the maturation of mammalian spermatozoa and is required to render them competent to fertilize an oocyte. This step is a biochemical event; the sperm move normally and look mature prior to capacitation.
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Capacitation is the penultimate step in the maturation of mammalian spermatozoa and is required to render them competent to fertilize an oocyte.[2] This step is a biochemical event; the sperm move normally and look mature prior to capacitation. In vivo, capacitation typically occurs after ejaculation, when leaves vagina and comes into superior female reproductive tract. In vitro, capacitation can occur by incubating sperm that have either undergone ejaculation or have been extracted from the epididymis in a defined medium for several hours. Capacitation happens after spermatozoa washing and purification.
The objective is to isolate as much motile spermatozoa as possible, and to eliminate no motile or died spermatozoa, in the same way that leucocytes, bacteria, etc.
The uterus aids in the steps of capacitation by secreting sterol-binding albumin, lipoproteins, and proteolytic and glycosidasic enzymessuch as heparin.
Non-mammalian spermatozoa do not require this capacitation step and are ready to fertilize an oocyte immediately after release from the male. After this capacitation, the sperm must undergo the final maturation step, activation, involving the acrosome reaction.
Historically, the term "capacitation" has evolved in meaning[how?] and this should be taken into account when consulting sources.
There are different techniques to perform the capacitation step: Simple Wash, Migration (Swim-up), Density Gradients and Filter.
Capacitation is the penultimate step in the maturation of mammalian spermatozoa and is required to render them competent to fertilize an oocyte.[2] This step is a biochemical event; the sperm move normally and look mature prior to capacitation. In vivo, capacitation typically occurs after ejaculation, when leaves vagina and comes into superior female reproductive tract. In vitro, capacitation can occur by incubating sperm that have either undergone ejaculation or have been extracted from the epididymis in a defined medium for several hours. Capacitation happens after spermatozoa washing and purification.
The objective is to isolate as much motile spermatozoa as possible, and to eliminate no motile or died spermatozoa, in the same way that leucocytes, bacteria, etc.
The uterus aids in the steps of capacitation by secreting sterol-binding albumin, lipoproteins, and proteolytic and glycosidasic enzymessuch as heparin.
Non-mammalian spermatozoa do not require this capacitation step and are ready to fertilize an oocyte immediately after release from the male. After this capacitation, the sperm must undergo the final maturation step, activation, involving the acrosome reaction.
Historically, the term "capacitation" has evolved in meaning[how?] and this should be taken into account when consulting sources.
There are different techniques to perform the capacitation step: Simple Wash, Migration (Swim-up), Density Gradients and Filter.
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