Question

define cardiac output. explain the factors affecting cardiac output.​

Answer 1

Explanation:

Factors affect cardiac output by changing heart rate and stroke volume. Primary factors include blood volume reflexes, autonomic innervation, and hormones. Secondary factors include extracellular fluid ion concentration, body temperature, emotions, sex, and age.

Answer 2

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$\small\underline\mathbb\pink{{Cardiac\:Cycle}}$ Cardiac events that occur from the beginning of one heartbeat to the befinning of the next is called cardiac cycle. Its duration is about 0.8 sec.

$\small\underline\mathbb\orange{{Cardiac\:Output}}$ It is the volume of blood pumped out by the ventrical per minute.

cardiac output = Stroke volume × No.of beats per minute = 5040 ml/min or approximately 5 litres.

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