Question

define cardiac output. explain the factors affecting cardiac output.​

Answer 1

Answer:

Changing heart rate and stroke volume. Primary factors include blood volume reflexes, autonomic innervation, and hormones. Secondary factors include extracellular fluid ion concentration, body temperature, emotions, sex, and age.

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Answer 2

Answer:

cardiac output is product of heart rate no of heartbeats per minute and stroke volume (sv) ...which is volume of blood pumped from ventricle per beat , thus Co =HR ✖ SV values for cardiac output are usually donated as L/min

factors affect cardiac output by heart rate and stroke volume Primary factors include blood volume, automatic innervation and hormones Secondry factors include extracellulal fluid ion concentration , body temperature , emotions, sex and age etc...