Define Coulomb’s law for electrostatic force between two charges. Also write its limitations. Give definition of unit charge using this law.
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Your answer:
We can show it with the following explanation. Let’s say that there are two charges q1 and q2. The distance between the charges is ‘r’, and the force of attraction/repulsion between them is ‘F’. Then
F ∝ q1q2
Or, F ∝ 1/r2
F = k q1q2/ r2
where k is proportionality constant and equals to 1/4 π ε0. Here, ε0 is the epsilon naught and it signifies permittivity of a vacuum. The value of k comes 9 × 109 Nm2/ C2 when we take the S.I unit of value of ε0 is 8.854 × 10-12 C2 N-1 m-2.
According to this theory, like charges repel each other and unlike charges attract each other. This means charges of same sign will push each other with repulsive forces while charges with opposite signs will pull each other with attractive force.
❇Limitations of Coulomb's law.
Coulomb’s Law is derived under certain assumptions and can’t be used freely like other general formulas. The law is limited to following points:
◽We can use the formula if the charges are static ( in rest position)
◽The formula is easy to use while dealing with charges of regular and smooth shape, and it becomes too complex to deal with charges having irregular shapes
◽The formula is only valid when the solvent molecules between the particle are sufficiently larger than both the charges
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