Question

define cross cuting and overlapping?

Answer 1

Over lapping social difference

If social differences overlap each other it may lead to social division and if one social difference is given preference then people would begin to think that they belong to different community. It always leads to social division and disintegration of the country. Example:- USA: The blacks are discriminated by the whites due to their poverty (racial discrimination).

Cross cutting social difference

 If social difference cross-cut each other we would find it difficult to find which group is against the other. These groups may have similar views on some issues and different on other issues.  It encourages diversity and accommodates unity. 
Example:- NETHERLAND: The main religion here is Christianity. They have division as Catholics and Protestants. Here class and religion cross-cut each other. Neither of them are rich or poor and do not have conflict between them.

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Answer 2

When the social difference overlap each other it is called overlapping and when the social difference cross cut echa other it is called cross cutting. Overlapping is dangerous for the functioning of the country and is difficult to accomodate, while cross cutting is not dangerous and easier to accomodate.
Ex. The Netherland and northern Ireland both are predominantly Christianity country but divided between catholic and protastant.
In Netherland class and religion overlap each other which create lots of problem and disintegration among peoples. In northern Ireland the class and religion cross cut each other but it does not create any problem.