Question

define diahorrea give occurence , symptoms, prevention?​

Answer 1

Diarrhoea is when you have frequent loose watery bowel motions. In most cases, the symptoms resolve on their own within a couple of days without the need for medical treatment.

Diarrhoea that lasts one or two days and goes away on its own is known as acute diarrhoea, which is a common condition that affects people of all ages. Diarrhoea lasting four weeks or more (whether continuous or intermittent) is known as chronic diarrhoea and can be a symptom of an underlying chronic disease or condition.

Causes

Acute (or brief) diarrhoea is usually caused by a bacterial (eg, salmonella), viral (eg, norovirus or rotavirus), or parasitic (eg, giardia) infection of the bowels. Diarrhoea caused by any of these infections is referred to as gastroenteritis.

Travel to places where the climate or sanitary practices differ form one's home country may cause short-term gastroenteritis (eg from contaminated food or water) and is known as traveller's diarrhoea.  Diarrhoea associated with jet lag will usually subside in a matter of days without treatment.

The most common causes of chronic diarrhoea are underlying diseases or conditions, including:  

Gluten intolerance (coeliac disease)

Lactose intolerance (inability to properly digest lactose in dairy products)

Irritable bowel syndrome

Chronic bowel infection

Inflammatory bowel diseases, such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis

Bowel cancer.

You should see your doctor if you are concerned that you might have any of these conditions.

Chronic diarrhoea can also occur when taking certain medications, e.g. some antibiotics and cancer drugs.  

Signs and symptoms

The main symptom of diarrhoea is loose, watery bowel motions (stools, faeces) three or more times a day.

Accompanying signs and symptoms may include:  

Urgent need to go to the toilet

Abdominal pain and cramping

Change in colour of your stools

Mucous, pus, blood, or fat in your stools

Vomiting

General body weakness and tiredness.

Prevention

Hand washing is one of the most effective ways of preventing the spread of viruses and bacteria that can cause diarrhoea. You should always wash your hands thoroughly after using the toilet, changing nappies, and before meals.

The following rules when preparing food can also help prevent diarrhoea:  

Always put foods that could spoil in the fridge

Ensure that meat is cooked thoroughly

Avoid eating raw meats, fish, and shellfish unless you are sure that they have been freshly prepared and are from a reliable source

Never place cooked meat on surfaces or plates that have held raw meat

Disinfect bench tops, stove tops, and chopping boards with a diluted bleach solution.  

A vaccine for rotavirus is available free for babies in New Zealand.  The oral vaccine - Rotarix - is given in two doses at the six-week and three-month immunisation visits to reduce the incidence or severity of rotavirus infection. Rotavirus is a common cause of diarrhoea in infants and young children.

Answer 2

Answer: Definition

Diarrhea: A common condition that involves unusually frequent and liquid bowel movements. The opposite of constipation. It is loose, watery stools three or more times a day. Diarrhea may be acute, persistent, or chronic

Causes

Most cases of diarrhea are caused by an infection in the gastrointestinal tract. The microbes responsible for this infection include:

• Bacteria
• Viruses
• Parasitic Organisms

Other major causes of chronic diarrhea include:

• Microscopic colitis: This is a persistent diarrhea that usually affects older adults, often during the night.
• Malabsorptive and maldigestive diarrhea: The first is caused by impaired nutrient absorption, the second by impaired digestive function. Celiac disease is one example.
• Chronic infections: A history of travel or antibiotic use can be clues to chronic diarrhea. Various bacteria and parasites can be the cause.  
• Cancer causes: Neoplastic diarrhea is associated with a number of gut cancers.

Symptoms

• Signs and symptoms associated with diarrhea may include:
• Loose, watery stools.
• Abdominal cramps.
• Abdominal pain.
• Fever.
• Blood in the stool.
• Mucus in the stool.
• Bloating.
• Nausea.

Prevention

• Key measures to prevent diarrhea include:
• Access to safe drinking-water;
• Use of improved sanitation;
• Hand washing with soap;
• Exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life;
• Good personal and food hygiene;
• Rotavirus vaccination.

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