Question

Define differentiation dedifferentiation and redifferentiation in biology class 11th

Answer 1

In plants, the living differentiated cells can regain the capacity to divide mitotically under certain conditions. The sum of events, that bestow this capacity to divide once again, are termed dedifferentiation. A dedifferentiated tissue can act as meristem (e.g., interfascicular vascular cambium, wound meristem, cork cambium).

Difference # Redifferentiation:

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The product of dedifferentiated cells/tissue which lose the ability to divide are called redifferentiate cells/tissues and the event, redifferentiation.

However, the growth in plants is open, and even differentiation in plants is open, because, e.g., the same apical meristem cells give rise to xylem phloem, fibres, etc., cells/tissues arising out of same meristem have different structures at maturity. The final structure at maturity of a cell/ tissue arising out of same meristem is determined by the location of the cell within.

For example, cells positioned distal to root apical meristem (RAM) differentiate as root cap cells, while those pushed to periphery mature as epidermis. However we do not know for as well as determined is called commitment. Terms determination and commitment are used as synonyms.

Answer 2

NCERT based Answer for Class 11 Biology Students

Differentiation, Dedifferentiation and Redifferentiation:

 Differentiation is a permanent change in size, biochemistry, structure and function of cells, tissues or organs.

 The cells derived from meristems differentiate and mature to perform specific functions.

 Following are the changes which occur in various cells during differentiation:

• Cells lose protoplasm and develop strong elastic lignocellulosic secondary cell wall to form tracheary elements to carry water to long distances.

• Development of suberin in cell walls and tannins in protoplasts and then death of cork cells.

• Deposition of silica in epidermal cells of grasses.

 The living differentiated cells that lost the capacity to divide can regain the capacity of division under certain conditions. This phenomenon is called dedifferentiation. Example: Formation of interfascicular cambium and cork cambium from differentiated parenchyma cells.

 Such meristems divide and produce cells that once again lose the capacity to divide and mature to perform specific functions, i.e. get redifferentiated.

Note: Differentiation in plants is also open because cells or tissues arising out of some meristem have different structures at maturity. The final structure at maturity of cell or tissue is determined by the location of cells in the plants. Example: Cell positioned away from root apical meristems differentiate as root cap cells while those pushed to periphery mature as epidermis.

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