define digestion of food in different part of alimentary canal
Answers
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Digestion involves the mixing of food, its movement through the digestive
tract, and the chemical breakdown of the large molecules of food into smaller molecules. Digestion begins in the mouth, when we chew and swallow, and is completed in the small intestine.
The chemical process varies somewhat for different kinds of food.
THE
PATH OF DIGESTION
Mouth:
Mechanical and chemical digestion begin in the mouth where
food is chewed. The glands that act first are in the
mouth—the salivary glands. Saliva produced by these glands
contains an enzyme called ptyalin that begins to digest
the starch from food into smaller molecules (maltose).
Esophagus:
no digestion occurs here. The esophagus is the organ
into which the swallowed food is pushed. It connects the throat
above with the stomach below. At the junction of the esophagus
and stomach, there is a ringlike valve closing the passage between
the two organs. However, as the food approaches the closed ring,
the surrounding muscles relax and allow the food to pass.
Stomach:
The next set of digestive glands is in the stomach lining.
This is where protein begins it digestion. The stomach lining
produce stomach acid (HCl) and an enzyme called pepsin that
digests protein. One of the unsolved puzzles of the digestive
system is why the acid juice of the stomach does not dissolve
the tissue of the stomach itself. In most people, the stomach
mucosa is able to resist the juice, although food and other
tissues of the body cannot.
The stomach
has three mechanical tasks to do. First, the stomach must
store the swallowed food and liquid. This requires the muscle
of the upper part of the stomach to relax and accept large volumes
of swallowed material. The second job is to mix up the food,
liquid, and digestive juice produced by the stomach. The lower
part of the stomach mixes these materials by its muscle action.
The third task of the stomach is to empty its contents slowly
into the small intestine.
Several
factors affect emptying of the stomach, including the nature
of the food (mainly its fat and protein content) and the degree
of muscle action of the emptying stomach and the next organ
to receive the contents (the small intestine).
Small
Intestine: The small intestine is where most chemical
digestion occurs. After the stomach empties the food and
juice mixture into the small intestine, the juices of two other
digestive organs mix with the food to continue the process of
digestion. One of these organs is the pancreas. It produces
a juice that contains a wide array of enzymes to break down
the carbohydrate, fat, and protein in food. Other enzymes that
are active in the process come from glands in the wall of the
intestine or even a part of that wall.
The liver
produces yet another digestive juice—bile. The bile is stored
between meals in the gallbladder. At mealtime, it is squeezed
out of the gallbladder into the bile ducts to reach the intestine
and mix with the fat in our food. The bile acids dissolve the
fat into the watery contents of the intestine, much like detergents
that dissolve grease from a frying pan. After the fat is dissolved,
it is digested by enzymes from the pancreas and the lining of
the intestine.
hope it helps you!!
Answer:
Explanation:
Digestion involves the mixing of food, its movement through the digestive
tract, and the chemical breakdown of the large molecules of food into smaller molecules.