Question

define disaccharide and discribe the structure of three structure

Answer 1

DEFINITION OF DISACCHARIDE

The structure of disaccharide is much similar to that of a monosaccharide. They also consist of multiple hydroxyl groups and a functional group that could be an aldehyde or a ketone. The only difference is the presence of a glycosidic bridge connecting the two molecules.

The three major disaccharides are Sucrose, Lactose, and Maltose.

Sucrose:

This is the most important disaccharide. It is popularly known as table sugar. Sucrose is found in all photosynthetic plants. It is commercially obtained from sugarcane and sugar beets via an industrial process.

•The molecular formula of sucrose is C12H22O11.

•If sucrose goes through acid catalysed hydrolysis it will give one mole of D-Glucose and one mole of D-Fructose.

Lactos:

This is a disaccharide you may already be familiar with. Lactose is the primary ingredient found in the milk of all mammals. Unlike the majority of saccharides, lactose is not sweet to taste. Lactose consists of one galactose carbohydrate and one glucose carbohydrate. These are bound togetherM by a 1-4 glycosidic bond in a beta orientation.

Maltose:

Maltose is another disaccharide commonly found. It has two monosaccharide glucose molecules bound together, The link is between the first carbon atom of glucose and the fourth carbon of another glucose molecule. This, as you know, is the one-four glycosidic linkage. Let us look at a few of its properties

•On acid catalysed hydrolysis one mole of maltose gives two moles of D-glucose.

•Maltose has a free hemiacetal hydroxide, hence it undergoes mutarotation. It exists as both α-Maltose and also β-Maltose

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