Define ‘Disease’ write 500 words explanation
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Answer:
At first sight, the answer to “What is a disease?” is straightforward. Most of us feel we have an intuitive grasp of the idea, reaching mentally to images or memories of colds, cancer or tuberculosis. But a look through any medical dictionary soon shows that articulating a satisfactory definition of disease is surprisingly difficult. And it is not much help defining disease as the opposite of health, given that definitions of health are equally tricky. The World Health Organization's claim that health is “a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity” (WHO, 1946) has been praised for embracing a holistic viewpoint, and equally strongly condemned for being wildly utopian: the historian Robert Hughes remarked that it was “more realistic for a bovine than a human state of existence”
It might not be easy to articulate what a disease is, but we like to think we would at least all know when we saw one. Unfortunately, this is problematic as well. Notions of health are highly context-dependent, as human diseases only exist in relation to people, and people live in varied cultural contexts. Studies in medical anthropology and sociology have shown that whether people believe themselves to be ill varies with class, gender, ethnic group and less obvious factors such as proximity to support from family members.
What counts as a disease also changes over historical time, partly as a result of increasing expectations of health, partly due to changes in diagnostic ability, but mostly for a mixture of social and economic reasons. One example is osteoporosis, which after being officially recognized as a disease by the WHO in 1994 switched from being an unavoidable part of normal ageing to a pathology (WHO, 1994). This has consequences for sufferers' sense of whether they are 'normally old' or 'ill', but more concretely for their ability to have treatment reimbursed by health service providers. Another well-known example is homosexuality, which has travelled in the opposite direction to osteoporosis, through medical territory, and out the other side. After being redefined during the nineteenth century as a state rather than an act, in the first half of the twentieth century homosexuality was viewed as an endocrine disturbance requiring hormone treatment. Later its pathological identity changed as it was re-categorized as an organic mental disorder treatable by electroshock and sometimes neurosurgery; and finally in 1974 it was officially de-pathologized, when the American Psychiatric Association removed it from the listed disease states in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual IV (Bayer & Spitzer, 1982).
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Answer:
Infectious diseases are diseases caused by living organisms like viruses and bacteria. They can be passed from person to person through body secretions, insects or other means. Examples are SARS, influenza, the common cold, tuberculosis (TB), Hepatitis A and B.
Diseases which are spread from animals to humans, such as avian influenza, are known as zoonotic diseases. Diseases contact on the body by Person-to-person contact through skin wounds.
Any object has the potential to be a carrier of an infectious agent. Dirty clothes and linens, utensils and unsterilised hospital equipment are some examples of breeding ground for bacteria and parasites.
Droplets in the air e.g. when an infected person coughs or sneezes
Any object has the potential to be a carrier of an infectious agent. Dirty clothes and linens, utensils and unsterilised hospital equipment are some examples of breeding ground for bacteria and parasites.
Food and drink contaminated by stools or urine
Insects, via their bites or direct infection
Some insects help in the transmission of diseases by carrying the infectious agent. Malaria, dengue fever and yellow fever are examples of diseases spread by mosquitoes. In addition, typhoid fever and some food-borne infections may be caused by eating food that flying insects have landed on.
Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)
Diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, syphilis and gonorrhoea involve an exchange of bodily fluids, usually through unsafe sexual activities. Some STIs may also be transmitted through transfusion of blood and blood products, and contaminated needles and syringes.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
Commonly spread by: direct contact with respiratory secretions and body fluids of a person with SARS.
Influenza(Commonly spread by: inhaling respiratory droplets containing the flu virus.)
Hand, Foot and Mouth Diseases
Commonly spread by: contact with an infected person's nasal or throat discharges or stools.
Dengue (Commonly spread by: bites from an infected mosquito.)
Hepatitis A(Commonly spread by: consuming contaminated food, such as raw or partially cooked shellfish.)
Vaccination for Prevention of Infectious Disease.
Many contagious diseases are preventable with vaccines. There is no reason why you should suffer from severe complications these diseases can cause. For more information, pls click here.
According to the Infectious Disease Act, it is compulsory for parents or guardians to ensure that their children are vaccinated against diphtheria and measles.
Explanation:
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