Question

Define distillation. What type of mixture can be separated by distillation ? Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus used for fractional distillation.

CBSE Class IX Science LA (5 Marks)

Answer 1

Distillation is a process employed to obtain pure liquid from its solution. It can be defined as the conversion of impure liquid into vapours by evaporation and then condensation of the vapours to get pure liquid. This method is generally used for the separation of components of a mixture containing two miscible liquids that boil without decomposition and their boiling points are quite different (more than 25-30°C).

Answer 2

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⭕First of all we take a mixture of acetone and water in a distillation flask.

⭕Arrange the apparatus as shown in the figure.

⭕After that we heat the flask slowly tell the liquid starts boiling and the temperature of the liquid starts rising.

⭕The acetone vaporizers and condensers in the condenser and we can collect it from the condenser outlet.

⭕Temperature will remain constant tell all the Acetone and mixture is evaporated.

⭕When the temperature starts rising, stop heating the flask. You will observe that in the distillation flask only pure water is left.

⭕This method is called distillation. It is used for separation of components of a mixture containing two miscible liquids that boil without decomposition and their boiling point.