Question

Define efflorescent substance and Deliquescent substance with example

Answer 1

A deliquescent substance is a materialthat readily absorbs water out of the air. Deliquescent substances keep absorbing water until they dissolve themselves into liquid solutions. This process is called deliquescence. Soluble salts are examples ofdeliquescent substances.

Answer 2

An efflorescent substance is a chemical which has water associated with  its molecules, and which, when exposed to air, loses this water through evaporation. A common example of this phenomenon is the drying of cement. When cement is poured, it goes through an exothermic chemical reaction, which generates heat, in order to set. Then the set concrete also has to dry out by evaporation. The heat causes various mineral salts which are in solution in the wet concrete to migrate to the surface, where the evaporation of the water leaves a fine layer of crystals on the face of the concrete. In a thin layer these crystals are seen as a "blush" or "bloom"; in a heavier layer they can look like frost deposits or even flowers.