define electrode potential
Answers
Electrode potential is defined as the potential of a cell consisting of the electrode in question acting as a cathode and the standard hydrogen electrode acting as an anode.
According to the IUPAC convention, the term electrode potential is reserved exclusively to describe half-reactions written as reductions. The sign of the half-cell in question determines the sign of an electrode potential when it is coupled to a standard hydrogen electrode.
Electrode potential is defined by measuring the potential relative to a standard hydrogen half cell
H2(g) →← 2H+(aq) + 2e-
The convention is to designate the cell so that the oxidised form is written first. For example
Pt(s)|H2(g)|H+(aq) Zn2+(aq)|Zn(s)
The e.m.f. of this cell is
e.m.f. = Eright - Eleft
By convention, at p(H2) = 101325 Pa and a(H+) = 1.00, the potential of the standard hydrogen electrode is 0.000 V at all temperatures. As a consequence of this definition, any potential developed in a galvanic cell consisting of a standard hydrogen electrode and some other electrode is attributed entirely to the other electrode
e.m.f. = E(Zn2+/Zn).
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