Define electromagnets
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Answers
Answer:
a core of magnetic material (such as iron) surrounded by a coil of wire through which an electric current is passed to magnetize the core.
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Answer:
We already know that an electric current has the ability to produce a magnetic field in a plane perpendicular to the direction of current flow. The electromagnet uses this principle. An electromagnet can be defined as a magnet which functions on electricity. Unlike a permanent magnet, the strength of an electromagnet can be changed by changing the amount of electric current that flows through it. If the current flow is cut, the property of magnetism ceases to exist.
But this is also an advantage of the electromagnet over a permanent magnet because controlling the electric current also controls the magnetic field, in this case, i.e., the strength of electric field controls the strength of magnetic field also. In fact, the poles of an electromagnet can even be reversed by reversing the flow of electricity.
What is Electromagnet?
Electromagnets are made out of a coil of wire (wire curled in series). This is more effective in producing a magnetic field than just a wire running straight. This effect can be strengthened by winding a wire tightly around a powerful core, made of magnetic material, such as iron. The picture above shows a coil wound around an iron nail. On its own, the iron nail is not magnetic.
Properties of Magnet
A few properties of the magnet are as follows:
Attractive Property – Ferromagnetic materials like iron, nickel and cobalt are attracted by magnets
Repulsive Property – Like poles repel each other while unlike poles attract each other
Directive Property – A freely suspended magnet always points in the north-south direction
Working Principle of Electromagnets
So how do electromagnets work? Let’s consider the iron nail itself. Why does it not produce a magnetic field when not influenced by an electric field?
Electromagnet
An iron nail made into a magnet by passing electric current through a coil surrounding it.
Normally, the atoms in the nail are oriented in random directions and individual magnetic fields cancel each other out. Under the influence of electric current, these atoms are reoriented to start pointing in the same direction. All these individual magnetic fields together create a strong magnetic field. As the current flow increases, this degree of reorientation also increases, resulting in a stronger magnetic field. Once all the particles are reoriented perfectly in the same direction, increasing current flow will not affect the magnetic field produced. At this point, the magnet is said to be saturated.
You may also want to check out these topics given below!
What is a Magnet?
Poles Of Magnets
Uses of Magnets
Electricity and Magnetism
Magnetic Effect of Electric Current
Uses of Electromagnets
Some electromagnet uses are given in the points mentioned below:
Particle Accelerators
Amplifiers
Magnetic Separation
Electric Motors and Generators
MRI machines
Control Switches in Relays
Transportation
Spacecraft Propulsion Systems
Induction Heating
Hard Drives
Step-by-step explanation: