Question

define electronagative ionization on enthalpy and election affinity . explain there periodicity pleas answer
fast in long answer​

Answer 1

Answer:

1. Electron affinity

Definition: The energy released when an electron is added to a gaseous atom which is in its

ground state to form a gaseous negative ion is defined as the first electron affinity. The symbol is

EA, and the unit is kJ/mol.

Values and tendencies in the periodic table: The first electron affinities of elements are negative

in general except the group VIII and group IIA elements. Because the electron falls into the

electrostatic field which is yielded by the atomic nucleus of a neutral atom, and lead to the

potential reduction, the energy of this system is reduced. The second electron affinities of all

elements are positive. This is because the negative ion is a negative electric field. And if now the

other electrons enter the negative field, energy has to be applied to the system to overcome the

repulsion that the negative electric field interacts with the electrons. According to the elements

of one period, EA generally decreases from the left to the right across the periodic table.

According to the elements of one main group, EA generally increases from the top to the bottom

of the periodic table.

2. Ionization energy

Definition: The ionization energy, EI, of an atom/ion is the minimum energy which is required to

remove an electron of an atom. The unit of ionization energy is kJ/mol.

Values and tendencies in the periodic table: The first ionization energy is the energy which is

required when a gaseous atom/ion loses an electron to form a gaseous +1 valence ion. The

energy which is required for a gaseous +1 valence ion to loose an electron to form a gaseous +2

valence ion, is called the second ionization energy of an element.

In general, the second ionization energy is higher than the first ionization energy of an element.

The first ionization energies of the elements of one period increase from the left to the right

across the periodic table. According to the elements of main group, the first ionization energies

generally decreases from top to bottom across the periodic table.

Answer 2

Explanation:

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Electron affinity can reflect the ability of an atom to gain electrons. The smaller the first electron affinity, the easier an atom gains electrons. The greater the electron affinity, the weaker is the ability of an atom to gain electrons. The ionization energy shows the ability of an atom to loose its electrons.

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