Question

Define empirical formula and molecular formula

Answer 1

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$\bold\red{\underline{\underline{Empirical\:formula:-}}}$

★It represents the simplest relative

whole number ratio of atoms of each element present in the molecule of the substance.

For example, CH is the empirical formula of benzene in which ratio of the atoms of carbon and hydrogen is 1 : 1. It also indicates that the ratio of carbon and hydrogen is 12 : 1 by mass.

$\bold\pink{\underline{\underline{Molecular\:formula:-}}}$

★Molecular formula of a compound is one which expresses as the actual number of atoms of each element present in one molecule.

C6H6 is the molecular formula of benzene indicating that six carbon atoms and six hydrogen atoms are present in a molecule of benzene.

Thus,

Molecular formula = n x Empirical formula

Molecular formula gives the following informations:-

(i) Various elements present in the molecule.

(ii) Number of atoms of various elements in the molecule.

(iii) Mass ratio of the elements. present in the molecule. The mass ratio of carbon and oxygen in CO2 molecule is 12 : 32 or 3 : 8.

(iv) Molecular mass of the substance.

(v) The number written before the formula indicates the number of molecules, e.g., 2CO2 means 2 molecules of carbon dioxide.

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