Question

Define Enzyme. What is there physiological importance?

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Answer 1

Answer:

Enzymes are biological molecules (typically proteins) that significantly speed up the rate of virtually all of the chemical reactions that take place within cells. They are vital for life and serve a wide range of important functions in the body, such as aiding in digestion and metabolism.

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Answer 2

Answer:

Almost all enzymes are proteins that

catalyse the biochemical reactions in

living cells, hence called biocatalysts.

• Enzymes are proteinaceous in nature

(Sumner 1926) with the exception of

recently discovered two RNA enzymes

(i) Ribozyme: Cech et al, 1981

isolated ribozyme from

Tetrahymena

(ii) Ribonuclease-P: discovered

by Altman from bacteria.

• An enzyme like any other protein has

secondary and tertiary structure. In the

tertiary structure the backbone of the

protein chain folds upon itself, the

chain criss-cross itself and many

crevices or pockets are made. Such

pocket is called “activesite”.

• An active site of an enzyme is a

crevice or pocket into which the

substrate fits. A substrate is a specific

compound acted upon by an enzyme.

Thus enzymes, through their active

site, catalyst reactions at a higher rate.