Define excretory system. What are the main excretory organs in humans?
Answers
Excretory System Definition
The excretory system consists of organs which remove metabolic wastes and toxins from the body. In humans, this includes the removal of urea from the bloodstream and other wastes produced by the body. The removal of urea happens in the kidneys, while solid wastes are expelled from the large intestine.
Overview
The excretory system in humans consists mainly of the kidneys and bladder. The kidneys filter urea and other waste products from the blood, which are then added to the urine within the bladder. Other organs, such as the liver, process toxins but put their wastes back into the blood. It is up to the kidneys to filter the blood so that toxic substances do not accumulate. These organs can be seen in the image below.
The excretory system has other functions beyond removing waste products from the body. It is also crucial in maintaining internal homeostasis. Parts of the excretory system are also influenced by other body systems, such as the muscular system and skeletal system. For example, the kidneys secrete a hormone which tells the bones to produce more red blood cells.
When the excretory system is not functioning, bad things can happen. A build-up of urea within the blood can lead to a debilitating toxic shock. In other animals, the excretory system can include a number of other components. For example, sea turtles have excretory organs near their eyes which remove large amounts of salt from their bodies. This allows them to drink salt water to maintain their water balance.
Excretory System Function
The excretory system functions as the bulwark and balance to the digestive system. While we consume food and drink to nourish the body and provide energy, the excretory system ensures that homeostasis is maintained, irrespective of changes to the nutritive value of food.
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