Question

define -

Filtration
Distillation

Evaporation


Sublimation

Answer 1

Filtration is the process of removing impurities through filter paper
The action of purifying a liquid by a process of heating and cooling is distillation
Evaporation is a type of vaporization that occurs on the surface of a liquid as it changes into the gas phase when it reaches its boiling point. The surrounding gas must not be saturated with the evaporating substance.

Sublimation is the transition of a substance directly from the solid to the gas phase, without passing through the intermediate liquid phase.

Answer 2

Answer:

》Filtration:-

Filtration is technically defined as the process of separating suspended solid matter from a liquid, by causing the latter to pass through the pores of a membrane, called a filter.

Examples:- The most common example is making tea. While preparing tea, a filter or a sieve is used to separate tea leaves from the water.  Through the sieve pores, only water will pass. The liquid which has obtained after filtration is called the filtrate; in this case, water is the filtrate. The filter can be a paper, cloth, cotton-wool, asbestos, slag- or glass-wool, unglazed earthenware, sand, or any other porous material. Filtration is used in water treatment and sewage treatment.  To have a clear understanding of the matter and its states checkout the three states of matter.

》Distillation:-

Distillation refers to the selective boiling and subsequent condensation of a component in a liquid mixture. It is a separation technique that can be used to either increase the concentration of a particular component in the mixture or to obtain (almost) pure components from the mixture. The process of distillation exploits the difference in the boiling points of the components in the liquid mixture by forcing one of them into a gaseous state.

Types of Distillation:-

Some important types of distillation include:

• Simple distillation

• Fractional distillation

• Steam distillation

• Vacuum distillation

• Air-sensitive vacuum distillation

• Short path distillation

• Zone distillation

》Evaporation:-

Evaporation can generally be defined as a process by which a liquid or solid is transformed into vapour.When you spray perfume on your body, your body feels slightly cooler. The same goes for acetone and water. This is an effect of evaporation or the change of matter from its liquid state to its vapour state. The only difference is the rate at which the coolness is felt. In the case of acetone, the part of your body that is in contact with the liquid will cool the fastest. This happens because the evaporation rate of acetone is higher than that of water or perfume.

Evaporation is a form of vaporisation that usually happens on the surface of liquids and it involves the transition of the liquid particles into the gaseous phase. Therefore, this process is said to involve a change in the state of matter of liquids. The surrounding gas must not be saturated with the substance which is evaporating. They transfer energy to each other as the molecules of the liquid collide, depending on how they collide with each other. The liquid particles will generally escape and enter the surrounding air as a gas when a molecule near the surface consumes enough energy to overcome the vapour pressure. The energy extracted from the vaporised liquid as evaporation occurs will decrease the temperature of the liquid, resulting in a process known as evaporative cooling.

》Sublimation:-

The term sublimation is the passage or the transformation or conversion that substances undergo when passing from one state to another, for example from a solid substance to gas.

We can define sublimation as the transition of a substance from the solid phase to the gaseous phase without changing into the liquid phase. This process is an endothermic phase transition that occurs at a temperature and pressure below the triple point of the substance. Desublimation or deposition is the reverse of this process in which a gas is directly converted into solid-state.

Examples of Sublimation:-

• The best example of sublimation is dry ice which is a frozen form of carbon dioxide. When dry ice gets exposed to air, dry ice directly changes its phase from solid-state to gaseous state which is visible as fog. Frozen carbon dioxide in its gaseous state is more stable than in its solid-state.

• Another well-known example of sublimation is naphthalene which is an organic compound. Naphthalene is usually found in pesticides such as mothball. This organic compound sublimes due to the presence of non-polar molecules that are held by Van Der Waals intermolecular forces. At a temperature of 176F naphthalene sublimes to form vapours. It desublimates at cool surfaces to form needle-like crystals.