Define five important groups of commercially important fermentation
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There are five major groups of commercially important fermentations:
Those that produce microbial cells (biomass) as the product
Those that produce microbial enzymes
Those that produce microbial metabolites
Those that produce recombinant products
Those that modify a compound which is added to the fermentation – the transformation process.
(1) Microbial Biomass
The commercial production of microbial biomass may be divided into two major processes:
(1)The production of yeast to be used in baking industry and
(2)The production of microbial cells to be used as human or animal food (single cell protein)
(2) Microbial enzymes
Enzymes have been produced commercially from plant, animal and microbial sources.
Microbial enzymes have the enormous advantage of being able to produced in large quantities by established fermentation techniques.
The advent of recombinant DNA technology has enabled enzymes of animal origin to be synthesized by m.o. e.g insulin.
(3) Microbial metabolites
Metabolites of different microbes are obtained.
2 types:
Primary metabolites
Secondary metabolites.
Many products of primary metabolism are considerable economic importance and are being produced by fermentation.
Many secondary metabolites have antimicrobial activity, others are specific enzyme inhibitors, others are promoters and many have pharmacological properties.
(4) Recombinant products
The advent of recombinant DNA technology has extended the range of potential fermentation products.
Genes from higher organisms may be introduced into microbial cells such that the recipients are capable of synthesizing foreign proteins.
A wide range microbial cells have been used as hosts for such systems including E.coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and filamentous fungi.
(5) Transformation processes
Microbial cells may be used to convert a compound into a structurally related, financially more valuable compound. E.g. steroid biotransformation.
The anomaly of the transformation fermentation process is that a large biomass has to be produced to catalyse a single reaction.
Those that produce microbial cells (biomass) as the product
Those that produce microbial enzymes
Those that produce microbial metabolites
Those that produce recombinant products
Those that modify a compound which is added to the fermentation – the transformation process.
(1) Microbial Biomass
The commercial production of microbial biomass may be divided into two major processes:
(1)The production of yeast to be used in baking industry and
(2)The production of microbial cells to be used as human or animal food (single cell protein)
(2) Microbial enzymes
Enzymes have been produced commercially from plant, animal and microbial sources.
Microbial enzymes have the enormous advantage of being able to produced in large quantities by established fermentation techniques.
The advent of recombinant DNA technology has enabled enzymes of animal origin to be synthesized by m.o. e.g insulin.
(3) Microbial metabolites
Metabolites of different microbes are obtained.
2 types:
Primary metabolites
Secondary metabolites.
Many products of primary metabolism are considerable economic importance and are being produced by fermentation.
Many secondary metabolites have antimicrobial activity, others are specific enzyme inhibitors, others are promoters and many have pharmacological properties.
(4) Recombinant products
The advent of recombinant DNA technology has extended the range of potential fermentation products.
Genes from higher organisms may be introduced into microbial cells such that the recipients are capable of synthesizing foreign proteins.
A wide range microbial cells have been used as hosts for such systems including E.coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and filamentous fungi.
(5) Transformation processes
Microbial cells may be used to convert a compound into a structurally related, financially more valuable compound. E.g. steroid biotransformation.
The anomaly of the transformation fermentation process is that a large biomass has to be produced to catalyse a single reaction.
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Fermentation
Explanation:
- Two major processes; the assembly of yeast to be employed in the baking business and therefore the production of microorganism cells to be used as human or animal food(e.g. SCP)
- Enzymes are created commercially from the plant, animal and microorganism sources. Commercially created microorganism enzymes square measure employed in the food and connected industries.
- Primary metabolites: Those merchandise that square measure created in primary metabolism(During Trophophase) e,g, Amino acid, Vitamins, Ethanol, sugar.
- In recombinant DNA technology, the recipients square measure capable of synthesizing foreign protein.
- E.coli, brewer's yeast, and filiform fungi are used because the host for such systems. microorganism cells could also be accustomed convert a compound into a structurally connected, financially a lot of valuable, compound.
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