Question

Define formal charge with examples.

Answer 1

Answer:

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Explanation:

A Formal charge is also known as a Fake Charge. It’s a theoretical charge over an individual atom of an ion as the real charge over a polyatomic molecule or ion is distributed on an ion as a whole and not over a single atom. The formal charge of an atom of a polyatomic molecule or ion is defined below.

Formal Charge Definition:

“The formal charge over an atom of a polyatomic molecule or ion is the difference between the valence electron of that atom in the elemental state and the number of electrons assigned to that atom in Lewis structure.”

Formal Charge Formula:

Mathematically, it can be expressed by following formula:

F.C. = [Total no. of valence e– in free state] – [total no. of e– assigned in Lewis structure] F.C. = [Total no. of valence e– in free state] – [total no. of non-bonding pair e– (lone pair)] – 1/2 [total no. of bonding e–]

The factor of ½ is attached to the no. of bonding e– because bonding e– is shared between two atoms.

Formula Charge Calculation of SO42-:

The Lewis structure of SO42- is as follows:

Formal Charge