Question

define Gondwanna land,Shiwaliks,Bhangar and Khadar​

Answer 1

Answer:

1. Gondwana or Gondwanaland was a supercontinent that existed from the Neoproterozoic and began to break up during the Jurassic, with the final stages of breakup, including the opening of the Drake Passage separating South America and Antarctica occurring during the Paleogene

2. The Sivalik Hills, are a mountain range of the outer Himalayas that stretches from the Indus River about 2,400 km eastwards close to the Brahmaputra River, spanning across the northern parts of the Indian subcontinent. It is 10–50 km wide with an average elevation of 1,500–2,000 m

3.Bhangar: It covers large parts of northern plains. It is composed of old alluvial soil. It contains calcareous deposits locally known as 'Kankar'.

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Answer 2

Gondwana

Gondwana was a supercontinent.

It broke up during the Jurassic period (180 million years ago).

Gondwana existed from the Neoproterozoic period, that is, around 550 million years ago.

During the Eocene period, Drake passage was opened up separating Antarctica and South America.

The continent of Gondwana was named by the Austrian scientist Eduard Suess, after the Gondwana region of central India which is derived from Sanskrit for ‘forest of the Gonds’.

As per the earlier definition, Gondwana was not considered as a supercontinent, as the landmasses of Siberia, Laurentia, Baltica were separated from it.

During the paleozoic era, the largest piece of continental crust was the Gondwana, it was about 1/5th of the earth’s surface.

Gondwana merged with Euramerica, during the carboniferous period, to form the larger supercontinent called Pangea.

However, during the mesozoic era, Pangea and Gondwana broke up.

Two-thirds of today’s continental area is made up of Gondwana which includes Indian subcontinent, Australia, Antarctica, Arabia, Zealandia, Africa, and South America.

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• The Sivalik Hills, are a mountain range of the outer Himalayas that stretches from the Indus River about 2,400 km eastwards close to the Brahmaputra River, spanning across the northern parts of the Indian subcontinent.
• It is 10–50 km wide with an average elevation of 1,500–2,000 m.

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• The Bhangar Plains are situated south of the Bhabar and Terai Plains.
• Unlike the Bhabar Plains which are not good for farming or cultivation because of the presence of the sediments, the Bhangar Plains are suitable for farming and cultivation activities because these are well-drained plains of Northern India and availability of alluvial soil here.

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The Khadar Plains The new plains formed due to alluvial deposit along the course of the river.

Enriched and formed by fresh deposits of silt every year.

The Khadar land silt comprises of silt, mud, clay, and sand.

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