Question

Define homologous series and functional groups. Please make it short

Answer 1

Homologous series is a group of organic compounds having similar structure and chemical properties in which each successive compound differs by CH2 group. A functional group is an atom or a group of atom which makes a carbon compound reactive and decides its properties.

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Answer 2

A homologous series is a series of organic compounds which belong to the same family (i.e. possess same functional group) and show similar chemical properties. The members of this series are called homologue and differ from each other by the number of CH2 units in the main carbon chain. Following are the characteristics of a homologous series

All homologues of a series have the same general formula e.g., all alkanes have the general formula Cn H2n + 2, alkyl halides have the general formula CnH(2n+1)X, alkenes have the general formula CnH2n etc.
Each consecutive member differs from the next by one carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms (-CH2 group).
The difference in the molecular mass between two consecutive homologues is 14 amu.
The physical properties of homologues show a regular gradation.
Homologues of a series have similar chemical properties

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