Question

Define hybridization and its types in chemistry notes

Answer 1

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Orbital hybridisation. ... In chemistry, orbital hybridisation (or hybridization) is the concept of mixing atomic orbitals into new hybrid orbitals (with different energies, shapes, etc., than the component atomic orbitals) suitable for the pairing of electrons to formchemical bonds in valence bond theory....
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here is various types of hybridization...
so let us discuss abt some...
1.    Formation of methane (CH4) . In methane carbon atom acquires sp3 hybrid states as described below: Here, one orbital of 2s-sub-shell and three orbitals of  2p-sub-shell of excited carbon atom undergo hybridization to  form four sp3 hybrid orbitals. The process involving promotion of 2s-electron followed by hybridization
As pointed out earlier the sp3 hybrid orbitals of carbon atom are directed towards the comers of regular tetrahedron. Each of the sp3 hybrid orbitals overlaps axially with half filled Is-orbital of hydrogen atom constituting a sigma bond...
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2. Formation of ethane (CH3-C3). In ethane both the carbon atoms assume sp3 hybrid state. One of the hybrid orbitals of carbon atom overlaps axially with similar orbital of the other carbon atoms to form sp3-sp3 sigma bond. The other three hybrid orbitals of each carbon atom are used informing sp3-s sigma bonds with hydrogen atoms as describedin Each C-H bond in ethane is sp3-s sigma bond with bond length 109 pm. The C-C bond is sp3-sr sigma bond with bond length 154 pm.