Question

Define indicators?Explain the types of indicators with examples.

Answer 1

An indicator provides evidence that a certain condition exists or certain results have or have not been achieved (Brizius & Campbell, p.A-15). Indicators enable decision-makers to assess progress towards the achievement of intended outputs, outcomes, goals, and objectives. As such, indicators are an integral part of a results-based accountability system.

 

II. Types of Indicators

Indicators can measure inputs, process, outputs, and outcomes. Input indicators measure resources, both human and financial, devoted to a particular program or intervention (i.e., number of case workers). Input indicators can also include measures of characteristics of target populations (i.e., number of clients eligible for a program). Process indicators measure ways in which program services and goods are provided (i.e., error rates). Output indicators measure the quantity of goods and services produced and the efficiency of production (i.e., number of people served, speed of response to reports of abuse). These indicators can be identified for programs, sub-programs, agencies, and multi-unit/agency initiatives.

Answer 2

Indicators are the substance that change the colour when some substances (acids or bases)are added to it .

Example:-turmeric litmus etc.

Three types of indicators are:-

Natural indicators:-indicators derived from natural sources are called natural indicators.

Example :-