Define literacy. Explain carrying capacity.
Answers
1- literacy
Literacy is critical in helping us make sense of our world. From the time we wake up to the time we go to sleep, we are constantly making meaning of the world around us.
Literacy has traditionally been thought of as reading and writing. Although these are essential components of literacy, today our understanding of literacy encompasses much more. Alberta Education defines literacy as the ability, confidence and willingness to engage with language to acquire, construct and communicate meaning in all aspects of daily living. Language is explained as a socially and culturally constructed system of communication.
1- Carrying Capacity
Changes in population can have a variety of economic, ecological, and social implications. One population concern is that of carrying capacity?the number of individuals an ecosystem can support without having any negative effects. It also includes a limit of resources and pollution levels that can be maintained without experiencing high levels of change. If carrying capacity is exceeded, living organisms must adapt to new levels of consumption or find alternative resources. Carrying capacity can be affected by the size of the human population, consumption of resources, and the level of pollution and environmental degradation that results. Carrying capacity, however, need not be fixed and can be expanded through good management and the development of new resource-saving technologies.
Throughout the late 1960s and 1970s, Garrett Hardin and Paul Ehrlich, both authors on overpopulation, contended that the human population had already exceeded the carrying capacity. Hardin is best known for his paper The Tragedy of the Commons, in which he argues that overpopulation of any species will deplete shared natural resources. Ehrlich, who wrote The Population Bomb in 1968, predicted a population explosion accompanied by increasing famine and starvation. Although his prediction did not come true?in fact, in 1970 there was a slight decline in the population growth rate?Erlich was correct in pointing out that, with the exception of solar energy, the Earth is a closed system with limited natural resources.
The standard of living in a region can also help to alter an area’s carrying capacity. Compared to areas with a lower standard of living, areas with a higher standard of living tend to have a reduced carrying capacity due to greater access to and demand for more resources. Nevertheless, there is the suggestion that beyond some point, increased income and environmental improvement often goes hand-in-hand. The effect of an individual or a population on an ecosystem is called an ?ecological footprint,? which can be used to measure and manage the use of resources throughout an economy. It is also widely used as an indicator of environmental sustainability.
Carrying capacity often serves as the basis for sustainable development policies that attempt to balance the needs of today against the resources that will be needed in the future. The 1995 World Summit on Social Development defined sustainability as ‘the framework to achieve a higher quality of life for all people in which economic development, social development, and environmental protection are interdependent and mutually beneficial components’. The 2002 World Summit furthered the process by identifying three key objectives of sustainable development: eradicating poverty, protecting natural resources, and changing unsustainable production and consumption patterns.
While the exact value of the human carrying capacity is uncertain and continues to be under debate, there is a question as to the strain that population and consumption has placed on some societies and the environment. Economists, ecologists, and policy analysts continue to study global consumption patterns to determine what the human carrying capacity is and what steps can be taken to ensure it is not exceeded. In the meantime, actions to ensure natural resource recovery for the future will depend on an increase of sustainable development policies worldwide.
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Answer:
Literacy is most commonly defined as the ability to read and write.
But it’s not as simple as it sounds. Reading and writing abilities vary across different cultures and contexts, and these too are constantly shifting.
Nowadays, ‘reading’ encompasses complex visual and digital media as well as printed material. An elderly person who can read the newspaper might struggle to get information from Google.
Similarly, different cultures will have different perceptions of literacy. The writing traditions of the English language make reading comprehension an essential part of literacy, but this might not be as important in cultures or groups that rarely read printed material.