Define mitosis and meiosis cell division and mention differences between them.
Answers
Answer:
Cells divide and reproduce in two ways, mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis results in two identical daughter cells, whereas meiosis results in four sex cells. Below we highlight the keys differences and similarities between the two types of cell division.
Explanation:
Differences
Mitosis
Involves one cell division?
Results in two daughter cells
Results in diploid? daughter cells?(chromosome? number remains the same as parent cell)
Daughter cells are genetically identical
Occurs in all organisms except viruses
Creates all body cells (somatic?) apart from the germ cells? (eggs and sperm)
Prophase is much shorter
No recombination/crossing over occurs in prophase.
In metaphase individual chromosomes (pairs of chromatids) line up along the equator.
During anaphase the sister chromatids are separated to opposite poles.
Meiosis
Involves two successive cell divisions
Results in four daughter cells
Results in haploid? daughter cells (chromosome number is halved from the parent cell)
Daughter cells are genetically different
Occurs only in animals, plants and fungi
Creates germ cells (eggs and sperm) only
Prophase I takes much longer
Involves recombination/crossing over of chromosomes in prophase I
In metaphase I pairs of chromosomes line up along the equator.
During anaphase I the sister chromatids move together to the same pole.
During anaphase II the sister chromatids are separated to opposite poles.
Similarities
Mitosis
Diploid parent cell
Consists of interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase
In metaphase individual chromosomes (pairs of chromatids) line up along the equator.
During anaphase the sister chromatids are separated to opposite poles.
Ends with cytokinesis.
Meiosis
Diploid parent cell
Consists of interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase (but twice!)
In metaphase II individual chromosomes (pairs of chromatids) line up along the equator.
During anaphase II the sister chromatids are separated to opposite poles.
Ends with cytokinesis.
Answer:
Mitosis- It is the division of somatic cells in a multicellular prokaryotic living organism (plants and animals) into two daughter cells with diploid no. of chromosomes which helps in growth and repair of cells.
Meiosis- It is the division of sex cells(gametes) in a multicellular prokaryotic living organism(plants and animals) into four daughter cells with haploid no. of chromosomes which helps in reproduction.
DIFFERENCES:
Mitosis- Happens in somatic cells
Meiosis-Happens in sex cells only
Mitosis- Results in Diploid no. of chromosomes
Meiosis-Results in Haploid no. of chromosomes
Mitosis- Forms two daughter cells
Meiosis- Forms four daughter cells
Mitosis- Helps in growth and repair of body cells
Meiosis- Helps in reproduction and mixing of genes