Question

define modern periodic law. write the characteristic of S block, P block, D block and f block dements​

Answer 1

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Modern periodic law states that the properties of elements are dependent on their atomic numbers and elements show similar properties at regular interval of increasing atomic number.

(a) s-block elements:

All of the s-block elements are unified by the fact that their valence electrons (outermost electrons) are in an s orbital. The s orbital is spherical and can be occupied by a maximum of two electrons. All of the s-block elements are metals. In general, they are shiny, silvery, good conductors of heat and electricity and lose their valence electrons easily. In fact, they lose their trademark s orbital valence electrons so easily that the s-block elements are the most reactive elements.

(b) p- block elements:

Following are the properties of p-block elements.

They are solids/liquids/gases at room temperature (Br is liquid)

They have variable oxidation states

They form acidic oxides

Generally, they form covalent compounds

Halogens form salts with alkali metals

They have high ionization potentials

They have very large electron gain enthalpies

The aqueous solutions their oxides are acidic in nature.

(c) d-block elements:

Form stable complexes

Have high melting and boiling points

Contain large charge/radius ratio

Form compounds which are often paramagnetic

Are hard and possess high densities

Form compounds with profound catalytic activity

Show variable oxidation states

Form coloured ions and compounds.

(d) f-block elements:

They are usually heavy metals

These elements have a generally higher melting and boiling point

They display a variety of oxidisation states

These elements tend to form coloured ions

They form complex compounds

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