Question

Define mutation. Describe the types of mutation and mutagens.

Answer 1

Answer:

Mutation:

The changing of the structure of a gene, resulting in a variant form that may be transmitted to subsequent generations, caused by the alteration of single base units in DNA, or the deletion, insertion, or rearrangement of larger sections of genes or chromosomes.

Three Types of mutations :

1. Base substitutions : A substitution is a mutation that exchanges one base for another (i.e., a change in a single "chemical letter" such as switching an A to a G)

2. Insertions : Insertions are mutations in which extra base pairs are inserted into a new place in the DNA.

3. Deletions : Deletions are mutations in which a section of DNA is lost, or deleted.

Mutagens:

Anything that causes a mutation . DNA changes caused by mutagens may harm cells and cause certain diseases, such as cancer. Examples of mutagens include radioactive substances, x-rays, ultraviolet radiation, and certain chemicals.

Answer 2

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Spontaneous mutations are the result of errors in natural biological processes, while induced mutations are due to agents in the environment that cause changes in DNA structure.