define octet rule write its significance and limitations
Answers
Answer:
The octet rule successfully explains the formation of chemical bonds depending upon the nature of the element. It is used to determine stability in atoms. The octet rule helps to figure out how atoms will bond with one another.
The significance of octet rule: The octet rule explains the formation of chemical bonds depending upon the nature of the element. Odd-electrons molecule: In molecules with an odd number of electrons such as nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), the octet rule is not satisfied for all the atoms.
According to octet rule, atom tends to have 8 electrons in the valence shell to attain stable configuration.
Significance:
It explains the reason behind the chemical combination of different atoms to form ionic or covalent bond.
Limitations :
(1) Hydrogen with 1 electron attains stability by sharing, gaining or losing 1 valence electron. It does not need to complete octet to attain stability. Also, He has only 2 electrons and is stable.
(2) Incomplete octet: In certain molecules such as BeH 2, BeCl 2 , BH 3 , BF 3 , the central atom has less than 8 electrons in its valence shell, yet the molecule is stable.
(3) Expanded octet: In certain molecules such as PF 5, SF 6 , IF 7 , H2 SO4 , the central atom has more than 8 valence electrons, yet the molecule is stable.
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