Question

Define parthenogenesis and its type.​

Answer 1

Answer:

“Parthenogenesis is the type of asexual reproduction involving the development of female gametes without any fertilization.”

Animals such as bees, wasps, ants have no sex chromosomes. These organisms reproduce by parthenogenesis. A few plants, reptiles and fish are also capable of reproducing in this manner.

A few organisms such as crayfish, snakes, komodo dragons and sharks can reproduce sexually as well as by parthenogenesis. This is known as facultative parthenogenesis.

Answer 2

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The development of egg into a complete individual without fertilization is known as pathogenesis. It occurs in many animals like various arthropods, some vertebrates Like Lacerta saxicola armaniaca (a Caucasian rock lizard), Typhlina brahmina (a small snake) etc.

$\small{\underline{\sf{\green{Parthenogenesis \:is \:of \:2 \:main \:types :-}}}}$

• Natural parthenogenesis
• Artificial parthenogenesis

1) Natural parthenogenesis :- it occurs regularly in the life cycle of certain animals.

$\small{\underline{\sf{\purple{It \:is \:further \:of \:three\: types :-}}}}$

a) Complete parthenogenesis :- it occurs in those animals in which all eggs produced are developed by parthenogenesis. Hence, there is no biparental sexual reproduction.

e. g. Typhlina brahmina

b) Incomplete parthenogenesis :- it is found in those animals in which both sexual reproduction and parthenogenesis occur. e. g Honey bee

C) Paedogenetic parthenogenesis :- when parthenogenesis occurs in larva, it is called parthenogenetic pathogenesis.

2) Artificial parthenogenesis:- in which egg is induced to develop into a complete individual by artificial stimuli;

e.g. Eggs of annelids, seaurchin frogs etc.