Question

Define planning what are various characteristic,importance of planning

Answer 1

Answer:

importance of planning is when we plan before it is easy to do work

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Answer 2

Answer:

Planning means looking ahead and chalking out future courses of action to be followed. It is rightly said “Well plan is half done”.

Planning deals with future and involves forecasting. But mere forecasting is not planning. Planning requires assessing the future and providing resources for it.

(i) Planning – An Intellectual Process:

Planning requires application of mind involving foresight, intelligence, imagina­tion & sound judgment. Moreover, planning requires logical and systematic thinking based on analysis of facts and forecasts rather than a guess work. It requires thinking about ‘what, how, when, by whom’ etc. Decision making requires competence, ability and experience. Thus, planning is a mental or thinking or intellectual process as it involves decision making i.e. choosing one alternative out of several available.

(ii) Planning – A Primary Function:

All the management activities start with planning. All other functions like organizing, staffing, directing and controlling are based on planning. It precedes the execution of all other managerial functions and allows managers to organize, staff, direct and control the activities in a better way so as to achieve organizational goals.

All the activities are created in such a way that plans are easily carried out. Control, for example, is a necessary result of planning and cannot exist without planning.

(iii) Planning – A Continuous Function of Management:

Planning process begins with the establishment of an organization and continues as long as the enterprise is in existence. It is to be performed in all situations and at all levels of work. Planning is done for specific period, as soon as existing period get complete there is a requirement of new plans again. Also, due to dynamic business environment, continuous changes are required to be made in the existing plans. This makes the planning a continuous process.

(iv) Planning – A Pervasive Function:

Planning is not only the function of top management or any particular department. It is required at all levels of management be it higher level, middle level or lower level; and even at all departments of an organisation. However, the scope and nature of planning is different at different levels and in different departments.

For example – The top management formulates the plans and policies for the organisation as a whole. Middle level management has to make plans for each department and the plans regarding the daily operations of an organisation are laid down by operational management. Here, it can be seen that planning is not restricted to top management.

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