Question

Define pollination and it's classification system of different types.

Class 12th NCERT biology seminar.

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Answer 1

$\small\text \green{Pollination \: \: is \: \: the \: \: transfer \: \: \: of \: \: \: pollen} \\ \small\text\green{from \: \: \: a male \: part of a plant to a female} \\ \small\text\green{part \: \: \: \: \: of \: \: \: a \: \: \: \: \: plant, \: \: \: \: \: later \: \: \: \: \: enabling} \\ \small\text\green{fertilisation and the production of seeds,} \\ \small\text\green{most often by an animal or by wind. \: \: \: \: \: \: \: }$

$\large \text{\fcolorbox{red}{blue}{Types of Pollination}}$

$\text{ \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: 1. \: \red{Self- Pollination}} \\ \text{ \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: 2. \: \red{Cross-Pollination}}$

Answer 2

Class 12th Biology - Pollination

1. Define Pollination.

A: The transfer of pollen grains shed from the anther( Male reproductive organ in flower ) to the stigma of pistil( Female reproductive organ in flower ) is termed known as pollination. This eventually precedes to the fertilization.

2. Types of Pollination

A: In classification system there are about 2 types of pollination:

• Self pollination
• Cross pollination ( or ) Xenogamy

Self pollination ( fertilisation in the same plant ) is divided into two types, they are:

• Autogamy - Transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of the same flower.
• Geitonogamy - Transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of the different flower of same plant.

Cross pollination: Transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of the different flower of a different plant ( or ) fertilization in the different plant. It is divided into two factors, these factors are also known as agents of pollination:

• Abiotic factors - pollination done by natural occurrences. for example- Wind and Water.
• Biotic factors - pollination done by living beings. for example- Ants, snakes, bats, insects and birds, etc.

Furthermore, Abiotic factors are divided into two types, they are:

• Anemophily: It refers to the pollination brought about by wind.
• Hydrophily: It refers to the pollination brought about by water.

Biotic factors are divided into four types( major ), they are:

• Entomophily: It refers to the pollination brought about by insects.
• Chiropterophily: It refers to the pollination brought about by bats.
• Malacophily: It refers to the pollination brought about by snails.
• Ornithophily: It refers to the pollination brought about by birds.

Agents Of pollination

• Myrmecophily: It refers to the pollination brought about by Ants. for example- Medicago sativa, Melitotus officinalis.
• Elephophily: It refers to the pollination brought about by elephants. for example- Rafflesia
• Ophiophily: It refers to the pollination brought about by snakes. for example- Arum.
• Anemophily: Poplar, beech, oak, alder, chestnut, willow, maize, oats, rice and nettle.
• Hydrophily: Vallisneria and Zostera
• Entomophily: Rose, Jasmine, Salvia, Cestrum, Bougainvillea, Sunflower.
• Chiropterophily: Adansonia, kigellia, bauhinia, anthouphalus etc.