Question

Define root. Mention the types of root systems. Explain how root is modified to perform different functions.

Answer 1

Plants have three types of root systems: 1.) taproot, with a main taproot that is larger and grows faster than the branch roots; 2.) fibrous, with all roots about the same size; 3.) adventitious, roots that form on any plant part other than the roots. Fibrous systems are characteristic of grasses and are shallower than the taproot systems found on most eudicots and many gymnosperms.

Answer 2

Answer:

In some plants, the roots change their shape and get modified to absorb and transport water and minerals from the soil to different parts of the plant. They are also modified for support, food storage, and respiration.

Modifications for tap root:

Conical roots are broad at the base and conical at the apex, eg., carrot

Fusiform roots are swollen in the middle and tapering towards both the ends, eg., radish

Napiform roots are spherical at the base and taper towards the apex, eg., turnip

Tuberous roots have no specific shape. They appear thick and fleshy, eg., 4’O clock plant

Modifications for Adventitious root:

Simple Tuberous Roots are swollen and do not assume any shape. For eg., sweet potato

Nodulose Roots are single beads. They become swollen at the apex and have a definite shape, eg., ginger

Fasciculated Tuberous Roots is the cluster of adventitious roots for food storage. They have a definite shape, eg., Dahlia

Moniliform Roots are swollen and constricted, eg., grasses

Annulated Roots has an appearance of discs placed one over the other, eg., Ipecac.