Define screening constant, shielding constant, and effective and effective news
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In many atoms, each electron is said to experience less than the actual nuclear charge because of shielding or screening by the other electrons. For each electron in an atom, Slater's rules provide a value for the screening constant, denoted by σ.
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this is screening constant
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screening constant (plural screening constants) (chemistry, physics) A measure of the screening / shielding of an electron from the charge of the nucleus by other, inner electrons.
The effective nuclear charge may be defined as the actual nuclear charge (Z) minus the screening effect caused by the electrons intervening between the nucleus and valence electron. Effective nuclear charge, Z* = Z - σ Where, Z= Atomic number, σ = Shielding or screening constant
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News is that part of communication that keeps us informed of the changing events, issues, and characters in the world outside. Though it may be interesting or even entertaining, the foremost value of news is as a utility to empower the informed
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