Social Sciences, asked by nidhi158, 1 year ago

define soft water and disadvantage of hard water and mention one method to remove permanent hardness of water.


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Answers

Answered by Lalithadik
4
MPORARY HARD WATER
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"Water that contains bicarbonate of calcium and magnesium or of both is called temporary hard water."
These bicarbonate are soluble in water and produce corresponding ions.
Mg(HCO3)2 è Mg+2 +2HCO3-1
Ca(HCO3)2 è Ca+2 + 2HCO3-1
PERMANENT HARD WATER

Water that contains chlorides or sulphates of calcium or magnesium or of both is called Permanent water.
CaCl2è Ca+2 + 2Cl-1
MgSO4 è Mg+2 + SO4-2
These compounds are soluble in water and produce corresponding ions.
REMOVAL OF HARDNESS OF WATER

Hardness of water can be removed by the following two methods:
CLARK'S METHOD
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In Clark’s method a calculated amount of calcium hydroxide Ca (OH)2 is added to hard water. Due to reaction, insoluble carbonates are obtained which are separated by filtration.
Ca(HCO3)2 + Ca(OH)2 è 2CaCO3 + 2H2O
Mg(HCO3)2 + Ca(OH)2 è CaCO3 + MgCO3 + 2H2O
ION-EXCHANGE METHOD

In this method sodium zeolite is used as ion-exchanger. Na-zeolite is passed through the pipes containing hard water. Sodium zeolite is converted into calcium-zeolite or magnesium-zeolite. These are insoluble in water and are separated from water by filtration.
Ca+2 + Na2+ 2Na+1
Mg+2 +Na2-zeolite è Mg-zeolite + 2Na+1
DISADVANTAGE OF HARD WATER
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Domestic:
Hard water affect cleaning ability of soap.
When hard water is used for washing, large amount of soap is consumed.
Industrial:
Hard water can cause "Scaling" inside the pipes that transport water . Therefore if we use hard water in turbines and heat exchangers, their pipes will be corroded
Health:
Hard water when used for drinking for long period can lead to stomach disorders. Especially hard water contains magnesium sulphate can weaken the stomach permanently.

nidhi158: thank you verymuch
Answered by sharmisai1976
4
SOFT WATER ARE USED FOR WASHING
HARD WATER IS USED FOR BATHING 
PERMENENT HARDNESS CAN BE REMOVED BY ADDING WASHING SODA
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