define solid state and state its characteristic and give example
Answers
Answer:
Solid is one of the four fundamental states of matter (the others being liquid, gas and plasma). The atoms in a solid are closely packed together and contain the least amount of kinetic energy. A solid is characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to a force applied to the surface.
Solids have definite mass, volume, and shape because the constituent particles of matter are held together by strong intermolecular forces. At low temperature the intermolecular force tends to dominate the thermal energy, the solids remain in the fixed state.
ex-table,chair,fan,ice,etc.
Answer:
As we have studied before we can change the physical properties of an object or element by varying its temperature and pressure, This phenomenon is known as Change of State. For example when we heat water to turn it into water vapor or freeze it to turn it into ice.
The states of matter and its stability actually depends on two opposing forces found in the atom of an element. These are the two forces responsible for the formation and stability of a solid. Let us discuss these two forces in some detail.
Intermolecular Forces: Intermolecular forces exist between molecules of an element. They actually determine not only the state of the matter but also factors such as boiling point, melting point, enthalpy of the elements. They keep the atoms or molecules of matter close together in a bond.
Thermal Energy: Thermal energy is a form of kinetic energy. It is the energy that particles possess due to their motion. It is the internal energy of an object that is responsible for its temperature. Transfer of thermal energy happens through the transfer of heat. With a rise in the thermal energy, the particles of matter tend to move faster and vice-versa.
These two forces keep the atoms of solids closely packed in a fixed structure we call a lattice. At low temperatures the thermal energy of particles of solid matter is low. So the movement of particles is minimal, the intermolecular force is high and spaces between atoms is very less. This gives solid their basic properties.