. Define suppositories. What are the advantages and disadvantages of suppositories?
Explain any two types of suppository bases
Answers
Answer:
suppository is a solid dosage form that is inserted into the rectum (rectal suppository), vagina (vaginal suppository), or urethra (urethral suppository), where it dissolves or melts and exerts local or systemic effects. Suppositories are used to deliver medications that act both systemically and locally.
ADVANTAGES OF SUPPOSITORIES
Over Oral Drug Administration:
Avoid first pass metabolism
Introduce drugs into the body
Does not cause nausea and vomiting due to gastric irritation in case of oral therapy
Used before surgery since oral therapy is restricted
Beneficial for patients suffering from severe vomiting
Can be administered to unconscious patients
Can be used as targeted drug delivery system
– Localized action with reduced systemic distribution
Get to site of action with lower dose reducing systemic toxicity
Highly beneficial in haemorrhoids or vaginal infections
Prolonged drug action achieved
Over parenteral drug administration:
Self medication
No systemic side effects
No pain or site of action related issues
Over Vaginal Tablets:
Suppositories dissolves faster
Total bioavailability achieved
No residue remains like tablet
No need of applicator
Non staining
Non itching
DISADVANTAGES OF SUPPOSITORIES/PESSARIES:
Mucosal irritation
Patient compliance
Erratic and undesired absorption
– Placement too high into rectum may lead to first pass metabolism
– Installation may trigger defecation reaction
GI state affects absorption:
– Diarrhea& disease states affect absorption
Suppository can be define as the solid dosage of drugs that is inserted in the rectum, urethra or vagina. It dissolves and melts at the site and generates a systemic effect. The suppositories are added to deliver the medication locally as well as systemically.
Explanation:
The following are the advantages of suppositories:
1. The drugs can be introduced in the body through this method.
2. The drugs administered through this way does not cause nausea and vomiting.
3. The drugs can administered in the body when the oral therapy is restricted.
The following are the disadvantages of suppositories:
1. The drugs if installed through suppositories may trigger the defecation reaction.
2. The diseases like diarrhea can affect the absorption of drugs.
The two types of suppository bases are lipophilic and hydrophilic suppositories. The lipophilic suppositories are fat and wax based these can melt in accordance with the human body.
The hydrophilic suppository is a glycerine based drug and requires fluid for dissolution.
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