Question

define synaptic vesicles ​

Answer 1

Explanation:

In a neuron, synaptic vesicles store various neurotransmitters that are released at the synapse. The release is regulated by a voltage-dependent calcium channel. Vesicles are essential for propagating nerve impulses between neurons and are constantly recreated by the cell.

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Answer 2

Answer:

Definition

the point at which a nervous impulse passes from one neuron to another.

Explanation:

◉LET'S EXPLORE MORE

✯What is in a synaptic vesicles?

In a neuron, synaptic vesicles (or neurotransmitter vesicles) store various neurotransmitters that are released at the synapse. The release is regulated by a voltage-dependent calcium channel. Vesicles are essential for propagating nerve impulses between neurons and are constantly recreated by the cell.

✯Structure of synaptic vesicles

Synaptic vesicles contain two classes of obligatory components:

• transport proteins involved in neurotransmitter uptake, and trafficking proteins that participate in synaptic vesicle exocytosis, endocytosis, and recycling.

• Transport proteins are composed of proton pumps that generate electrochemical gradients, which allow for neurotransmitter uptake, and neurotransmitter transporters that regulate the actual uptake of neurotransmitters.

• Trafficking proteins are more complex. They include intrinsic membrane proteins, peripherally bound proteins, and proteins such as SNAREs. These proteins do not share a characteristic that would make them identifiable as synaptic vesicle proteins, and little is known about how these proteins are specifically deposited into synaptic vesicles.

◉FURTHER LEARNING

✯Neural Communication

The nervous system is the principal regulatory system in animals, which is required to survive and maintain homeostasis. The nervous system along with the endocrine system jointly coordinate and integrate all the activities of the organs and regulate physiological processes so that they function in a synchronised manner.

✯The human nervous system has two parts:

☆The Central Nervous System:

It is a site where the received information is processed and integrated for the action or response by effectors

• Brain
• Spinal Cord

☆The Peripheral Nervous System:

All the nerves associated with the CNS. There are two types of nerves present

☆Afferent nerve fibres:

transmits nerve impulse from organs or tissues to CNS

☆Efferent nerve fibres:

transmits impulses from the CNS to peripheral organs or tissues

The PNS is divided into two types based on the organs/tissue it transmits the nerve impulse to. These are:

☆Somatic nervous system:

Impulse is transmitted from CNS to skeletal muscles

Autonomic nervous system: Impulse is transmitted from CNS to smooth muscles and involuntary organs of the body

✯Neuron: Structural and Functional Unit of Nervous System

Neurons receive stimuli and transmit neural signals. The neuron is a highly specialized cell that transmits an electrical signal called nerve impulses or action potential.

✯Main Parts Of A Neuron

☆Cell body:

cytoplasm with a nucleus, cell organelles, Nissl’s granules. The cell body integrates incoming signals

☆Dendrite:

short, highly branched fibres that project outwards from the cell body. They are specialised to receive stimuli and signals to the cell body

☆Axon:

single long fibre, branched at the terminals. Axon conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body to another neuron, muscle or gland.

✯Neural Communication

An animal receives thousands of stimuli simultaneously. The survival depends on identifying and responding to these stimuli effectively. In most of the animals, neural communication involves four processes.

☆Reception:

Reception is the process of detecting a stimulus by neurons or sensory receptors present in sensory organs like skin, eyes, ear, etc.

☆Transmission:

Transmission is the process of sending signals to and fro from a neuron to another neuron or from neuron to muscles or glands

☆Integration:

Integration involves sorting and interpreting incoming sensory information and determining the appropriate response

Action or response: The actual response to the stimulus by muscles or gland