Question

Define Temperature? Explain the factors controlling temperature distribution?

Answer 1

the degree of hotness or coldness of a body is known as temperature
The temperature of air at every place is influenced by :The latitude of the placeThe altitude of the placeDistance from the seaThe air- mass circulationThe presence of warm and cold ocean currentsLocal aspects

The latitude

The temperature of a place is determined by the insolation received.The insolation differs according to the latitude, therefore, the temperature also differs consequently.

The altitude

The atmosphere is indirectly heated by terrestrial radiation.Therefore, the places adjacent to the sea-level record higher temperatures than the places located at higher elevations.The temperature usually decreases with increasing height.The rate of decrease of temperature with height is called as the normal lapse rate.

Distance from the sea

The main factor that influences the temperature is the position of a place with respect to the sea.The sea gets heated slowly and loses heat slowly compared to land.Land heats up and cools down rapidly.So, the difference in temperature over the sea is less compared to terrestrial surface.The places located near the sea come under the moderating influence of the sea and land breezes which regulate the temperature.

Air-mass and Ocean currents

The passage of air masses also affects the temperature like the land and sea breezes.The places which come under the effect of warm air-masses experience higher temperature and the places that come under the influence of cold air- masses experience lower temperature.Likewise, the places situated on the coast where the warm ocean currents flow record higher temperature than the places situated on the coast where the cold currents flow.
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