Define the concept of Romanticism
Answers
Romanticism:
A movement in art and literature in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries in revolt against the Neoclassicism of the previous centuries...The German poet Friedrich Schlegel, who is given credit for first using the term romantic to describe literature, defined it as "literature depicting emotional matter in an imaginative form." This is as accurate a general definition as can be accomplished, although Victor Hugo's phrase "liberalism in literature" is also apt. Imagination, emotion, and freedom are certainly the focal points of romanticism. Any list of particular characteristics of the literature of romanticism includes subjectivity and an emphasis on individualism; spontaneity; freedom from rules; solitary life rather than life in society; the beliefs that imagination is superior to reason and devotion to beauty; love of and worship of nature; and fascination with the past, especially the myths and mysticism of the middle ages.
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The Romantic Imagination and national Feeling
The development of nationalism did not come about only through wars and territorial expansions.
Culture played an important role in creating the idea of the nation: art and poetry, stories and music helped express and shape nationalist feeling.
Let us look at Romanticism, a culture movement which sought to develop a particular form of nationalist sentiments.
Romantic artists and poet generally criticised the glorification of reason and science and focused instead on emotions, institution and mystical feelings.
Other romantics were through folk song, folk poetry and folk dances that the true spirit of the nation.
National feelings were kept alive through music and languages.
Karol Kurpinski, celebrated the national struggles through his operas and music, turning folk dances like the polonaise and mazurka into nationalist symbols.
Language too played an important role in developing nationalist sentiments.
Russian language was imposed everywhere.
Many members of the clergy in Poland began to use language as a weapon of national resistance.
As a result, a large number of priests and bishops were put in jail or sent to Siberia by the Russian authorities as punishment for their refusal to preach in Russians.